The role of the neuropsychologist in brain injury.
The role of the neuropsychologist in brain injury - Informacion.es Saturday, March 19, 2011
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The neuropsychology is a subdiscipline of neuroscience studies brain-behavior relationships. Essentially, is interested in the relationship between brain structures macroscopically visible (hemispheres, lobes, regions, etc.) and cognitive functions (attention, perception, language, memory, executive functions) and emotional and behavior. Neuropsychology is developed in the framework of interdisciplinary, consisting of neurologists, psychiatrists, rehabilitation specialists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists and social workers.
In the field of brain injury, the neuropsychologist heterogeneous treatments applied, depending on the severity of injury, the affected areas and functions are altered, depending on age, education level, lifestyle. These treatments are composed of different functions: cognitive rehabilitation, treatment of behavioral disturbances, improving emotional states, social rehabilitation, family and / or professional guidance to caregivers and family care.
The neuropsychologist involved in two areas: patient and family / caregiver. Equally important is the intervention in an area as in another, and that brain damage occurs equally in both and need a favorable adjustment to the new situation. The intervention with the patient performs at various levels, the cognitive, emotional and behavioral. 
The cognitive level is directly involved in the affected areas of the patient through cognitive rehabilitation exercises. Cognitive areas affected include:
The cognitive level is directly involved in the affected areas of the patient through cognitive rehabilitation exercises. Cognitive areas affected include: - Memory short and long term verbal and visual memory.
- Attention-concentration.
- Ability to perform arithmetic operations and problem-solving exercises.
- Facing both the time and space and staff.
- agnosia: alterations in the recognition of what surrounds us, whether visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, without being altered aspects of vision, hearing, touch, smell.
- apraxia: inability to perform a motor act has been learned before, is a disorder of voluntary control of intentional movements.
Finally, executive function, which defines a set of cognitive skills that allow the anticipation and goal setting training plans and self-regulation of the tasks and the ability to carry out efficiently.
The neuropsychologist also involved alongside emotional and behavioral level. Is involved in various emotional problems resulting from brain damage through the application of cognitive-behavioral techniques such as behavior modification and cognitive therapy. The emotional and behavioral problems common in patients with brain injury include: depression, apathy, anxiety, disinhibition, emotional instability, low self esteem, infantilism, social skills deficits, irritability and aggression, low tolerance frustration, poor impulse control, breach of social norms ..
The second area in which the neuropsychologist is involved in the family and caregiver. This procedure consists in explaining the new situation they are being subjected to the explanation of symptoms resulting from brain damage, possible reactions and different ways of coping. This is especially help the family and patient acceptance of the new situation. The intervention is applied to alleviate emotional symptoms experienced by families and caregivers as emotional exhaustion, lack of personal achievement, physical symptoms of stress, isolation social, low self-esteem.
In short, when sudden bursts of brain damage in a person's life involves a series of changes in both the patient and his family in all areas, in the cognitive, emotional, social and labor in these where intervention is essential neuropsychologist, who along with other professional team, will launch an interdisciplinary treatment to alleviate the consequences of cognitive, emotional, physical, functional and language that the patient and his family may suffer.
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